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Intérpretes e confessionários como express？es de políticas linguísticas da Igreja voltadas à confiss？o
Barros, Candida;
DELTA: Documenta？？o de Estudos em Lingüística Teórica e Aplicada , 2011, DOI: 10.1590/S0102-44502011000200005
Abstract: the aim of this study was to analyse the linguistic policy of the church with regard to confession in a multilingual context between the 16th and 18th centuries. the documents used in the analysis included theological discussions in europe about the legitimacy (or not) of the interpreter in this religious context, as well as confessionaries in indian languages during the evangelisation period carried out by the spanish and the portuguese. the confessions in indian languages were examined through their use of orientation signals used to guide the missionary in the dialogue with the penitent. the form of organization of the confessionaries in the indian languages was a textual genre appropriate for learning a foreign language. in particular, we have compared the position of the jesuits concerning the interpreter in two settings: before and after the establishment of a confessionary in tupi. in conclusion, we examine the adaptations in the european discussion on the role of the interpreter brought about by the evangelisation of the indians.
Gene Expression Programming: a New Adaptive Algorithm for Solving Problems
Candida Ferreira
Computer Science , 2001,
Abstract: Gene expression programming, a genotype/phenotype genetic algorithm (linear and ramified), is presented here for the first time as a new technique for the creation of computer programs. Gene expression programming uses character linear chromosomes composed of genes structurally organized in a head and a tail. The chromosomes function as a genome and are subjected to modification by means of mutation, transposition, root transposition, gene transposition, gene recombination, and one- and two-point recombination. The chromosomes encode expression trees which are the object of selection. The creation of these separate entities (genome and expression tree) with distinct functions allows the algorithm to perform with high efficiency that greatly surpasses existing adaptive techniques. The suite of problems chosen to illustrate the power and versatility of gene expression programming includes symbolic regression, sequence induction with and without constant creation, block stacking, cellular automata rules for the density-classification problem, and two problems of boolean concept learning: the 11-multiplexer and the GP rule problem.
Hydraulic Power Take-off and Buoy Geometries Charac-terisation for a Wave Energy Converter  [PDF]
Pedro Beir？o, Candida Mal？a
Energy and Power Engineering (EPE) , 2013, DOI: 10.4236/epe.2013.54B014
Abstract: In the past few decades, world energy consumption grew considerably. Regarding this fact, wave energy should not be discarded as a valid alternative for the production of electricity. Devices suitable to harness this kind of renewable energy source and turn it into electricity are not yet commercially competitive. The work described in this paper aims to contribute to this field of research. It is focused on the design and construction of robust, simple and affordable hydraulic Power Take-Off using hydraulic commercial components.
Characterisation of Sanguinhal Mire, Terceira Island (Azores): a protected quaking bog habitat
Mendes, Candida;Dias, Eduardo;
Acta Botanica Brasilica , 2009, DOI: 10.1590/S0102-33062009000300022
Abstract: the azores archipelago in the north atlantic is an important area for biodiversity because it is rich in rare species and habitats, and almost undisturbed. sanguinhal mire was originally a lake that evolved through paludification into a peat habitat. it is located inside nature 2000 (european union for protection of nature and biodiversity, council directive 92/43/eec of 21 may 1992 on the conservation of natural habitats and of wild fauna and flora, habitat directive annex i(b) habitat 7140) area of santa bárbara and pico alto mountains on the island of terceira, and it is a good example of a basin peatland type that was first discovered in 1998. this paper provides baseline information on its flora, vegetation communities, structure, surface hydrology and chemistry. forty-one plant species including six sphagnum species and ten endemic vascular plants have been recorded, and eight plant communities are distinguished. the maximum peat depth is 2.5 m. the mire receives flowing water from its margins, in addition to intercepted precipitation and fog. after precipitation, water drains through several placic rupture points. both ph and water conductivity were measured, with some ecological tendencies observed. the conservation status of the mire is good, but it is subject to increasing pressure from cattle pasture and a walking trail that constrains natural surface water movement.
Female labor force participation and household expenditure patterns
Machado,Candida Sofia;
Economia Global e Gest？o , 2007,
Abstract: surprisingly for a southern european country, female participation in the labor market increased very sharply in portugal from the 1960s onwards, such that nowadays the country has one of the highest female activity rates in the european union, after scandinavia, the uk and the netherlands. this paper investigates the impact of female labor force participation on the consumption behavior of portuguese households, focusing on the following expenses household services, personal services, food away from home, childcare, culture, and travel for tourism. it relies on micro data on individuals and their households. estimation of tobit models indicates that most of the services under analysis can be considered luxury items. moreover, households with an employed wife allocate a higher proportion of their budget to culture, travel, childcare, food away from home, and domestic services, than do households where the woman does not participate in the labor force.
Anatomia dos órgáos vegetativos de Camarea (Malpichiaceae)
Mamede, Maria Candida Henrique;
Acta Botanica Brasilica , 1993, DOI: 10.1590/S0102-33061993000100001
Abstract: this paper is a continuation of the studies in the family malpighiaceae (mamede, 1990a,b,c) and presents the anatomy of the underground organs, stem and leaves of the species of camarea. the genus comprises seven species and a putative hybrid confined mostly to tropical brazil. the anatomical characteristics are described and discussed their implications in the taxonomy and ecology of the group.
Estudo comparativo de flores casmógamas, cleistógamas e de frutos de Camarea affinis St.-Hil. (Malpighiaceae)
Mamede, Maria Candida Henrique;
Acta Botanica Brasilica , 1993, DOI: 10.1590/S0102-33061993000100002
Abstract: the genus camarea belongs to the tribe gaudichaudieae, which is traditionally characterized by a solitaiy gynobasic style, presence of veiy reduced cleistogamous flowers, an androecium of 6 staminal elements and carpels only partially united. this paper presents information about the morphology and the anatomy of chamosgamous and cleistogamous flowers and fruits of camarea affinis st hil
Fatores de stress e estratégias de coping entre adolescentes no 12o ano de escolaridade
Caires, Susana;Silva, Candida;
Estudos de Psicologia (Campinas) , 2011, DOI: 10.1590/S0103-166X2011000300001
Abstract: this paper presents a study involving 341 high school final-year students (from the north of portugal), aimed at the exploration of the type and levels of stress experienced in their day-to-day lives, as well as the coping strategies they most frequently adopt. the data, based on the application of the inventory of stress factors (12th grade) and the inventory of coping orientation for problem experiences, reveal medium stress levels and identify the academic factors as the most stressful. the "search for support outside the family", the "active problem solving "and the "distraction and problem minimization "emerge as the most frequent coping strategies. results also highlight the influence of gender, parents' level of education, and students' school performance on the levels of stress experienced by this group of final-year students.
Observa？？es citológicas em Alo？ sp.
Mendes, Candida H. T.;
Bragantia , 1950, DOI: 10.1590/S0006-87051950000200001
Abstract: in this paper the results are presented of a study of microsporogenesis and gamete formation in an unclassified form of alo？. this form of alo？ was found to have 2n = 14 chromosomes, a condition which is characterestic of all of the species of this genus that have been examined cytologically. the most interesting observation made in the present study was the constant association, but no fusion, of the vegetative and reprodutive nuclei inside the pollen grain. it was also noted that this association disappears when the nuclei enter the pollen tube. the reproductive nucleus in the pollen tube gives rise to two small male gametes. this paper also includes a description of the morphology of the chromosomes as studied in the root tip cells and in pollen grains. in the form of aloe studied there are 4 pairs of long chromosomes and 3 pairs of short ones. one pair of the long chromosomes was found to be homozygous for a satellite at the distal arm and one pair of short chromosomes was determined to be heterozygous for a satellite at the proximal arm. it was also observed that there was a maximum of three nucleoli in each somatic cell nucleus which agrees with the existence of three satélites. the cytological observations made indicate that the alo？ plant studied is a hybrid. also a botanical analysis revealed that this form of alo？ has some characters of a. saponaría (one of the few species with satellites in short chromosomes) and some characters similar to those of a. macracantha. on the basis of the present investigations then, it seem highly probable that the form of alo？ studied is a hybrid between the two above mentioned species.
Introdu？？o ao estudo da auto-esterilidade no gênero Coffea
Mendes, Candida H. T.;
Bragantia , 1949, DOI: 10.1590/S0006-87051949000100004
Abstract: this paper presents a review of pertinent literature related to studies of self-sterility in the genus coffea and reports the results of cytological and genetic studies carried out on the species c. canephora at the instituto agron？mico, campinas, brasil. the objetive of the study was to determine the degree and causes of self-sterility in the species c. canephora. in tests involving a large number of self-pollinations in flowers of this species, all were self-sterile and formed, no seed. in tests of cross-pollinations involving c. canephora approximately 50 percent were effective in the formation of seed. cytological studies showed that the formation of the embryo-sac and pollen grains in c. canephora can be considered normal. likewise a study of the pollen of this species on artificial media under controlled conditions, showed 55 percent germination and this was considered sufficient to bring about fertilization. in contrast, the cytological investigations of self-pollinated flowers showed that the number of pollen grains that germinated was very small and of those that did germinate, the formed pollen-tube was short and did not extend beyond the stigmatic papillae. observations on compatible cross-pollinations on c. canephora showed that a large number of pollen grains germinated and that usually there were several pollen-tubes within the style. however, the rate of growth of pollen-tubes in c. canephora was found to be much slower that in c. arabica. the present investigation has shown that in flowers of c. canephora there is a very high degree of self-sterility and this has been related to poor germination of the pollen grains and subsequent limitation in the development of pollen tubes.
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